منابع مشابه
Washback in Language Testing
This monograph summarizes recent research on language testing washback. It begins by compiling several definitions of washback and related constructs. It then poses a model of language testing washback and examines the available research related to this model. The monograph concludes with recommendations for appropriate research methods to be used in future investigations of washback.
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This paper reviews the empirical studies of washback from external exams and tests that have been carried out in the field of English language teaching. It aims to do so from the point of view of the teacher so as to provide teachers with a clearer idea of the roles they can play and the decisions they can make concerning washback. The paper begins by defining its use of the term ‘washback’, th...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Journal of English Studies
سال: 2013
ISSN: 1989-6131,1578-7044
DOI: 10.6018/ijes.13.2.185891